Committee Summary for House Education Funding (02/04/2025)

Bill/Time	Type	Title	Sponsor
HB193 2025-0020H 00:18:02.120 - 9:02:28 AM	Executive Session	relative to the maximum number of credits per course eligible for the dual and concurrent enrollment program.	Ladd, Rick(R)[B+]2024
HB295 00:24:51.679 - 9:09:17 AM	Executive Session	making school building aid program funds nonlapsing.	Cahill, Michael(D)[CT]2024
HB354 00:28:25.120 - 9:12:51 AM	Executive Session	relative to alternate certification pathways for career and technical education instructors.	Ladd, Rick(R)[B+]2024
HB366 00:29:01.679 - 9:13:27 AM	Executive Session	relative to school building aid for eligible projects.	Cahill, Michael(D)[CT]2024
HB494 2025-0172 00:31:08.480 - 9:15:34 AM	Executive Session	relative to the math learning communities program, and making an appropriation therefor.	Ladd, Rick(R)[B+]2024
HB515 00:40:26.520 - 9:24:52 AM	Executive Session	repealing the chartered public school eligibility for state school building aid.	Cahill, Michael(D)[CT]2024
HB716 2025-016h 00:46:09.040 - 9:30:35 AM	Executive Session	making an appropriation for the dual and concurrent enrollment program.	Ladd, Rick(R)[B+]2024
HB769 01:18:01.440 - 10:02:27 AM	Public Hearing	relative to the base annual cost per pupil of providing the opportunity for an adequate education and statewide education property tax rate.	Gould, Linda(R)[B-]2024
HB747 03:23:36.920 - 12:08:02 PM	Public Hearing	establishing a program for enrichment scholarships for gifted students and making an appropriation therefor.	Cordelli, Glenn(R)[A-]2024
HB750 04:06:08.680 - 12:50:34 PM	Public Hearing	relative to making incentive grants for school districts that improve in certain assessment scores.	Moffett, Michael(R)[A-]2024
HB772 04:32:52.040 - 1:17:18 PM	Public Hearing	establishing a foundation opportunity budget program for funding public education.	Luneau, David(D)[CT]2024

HB193 2025-0020H: Representative Lad Support00:18:02.120 - 9:02:28 AM; Representative Lad introduced the motion for HB193, which aims to clarify that courses eligible for the Dual and Concurrent Enrollment Program should not exceed four credits. This bill was put forth by the community college system to prevent courses from being as high as 12 credits.
HB193 2025-0020H: Representative Earth Support00:18:41.840 - 9:03:07 AM; Representative Earth supported the bill, emphasizing the opportunity it provides for high school students to earn college credits before graduating, aiding them in advancing their higher education.
HB193 2025-0020H: Representative Earth Information Only00:19:53.679 - 9:04:19 AM; Representative Earth moved to amend the bill with amendment number 2025-0020H, which changes the effective date of the bill to upon passage as requested by CCSNH (Community College System of New Hampshire).
HB193 2025-0020H: Representative Lad Support00:20:36.640 - 9:05:02 AM; Representative Lad made a motion for Ought to Pass as Amended (OTPA) on HB193, indicating the bill's passage as amended. The amendment was unanimously approved by the committee.
HB295: Representative Spillsbury Information Only00:24:51.679 - 9:09:17 AM; Representative Spillsbury moved to retain HB295, citing the complexity of building aid issues and the need for further attention in the fall. The motion to retain was unanimously supported by the committee.
HB295: Unnamed Committee Member Information Only00:27:23.240 - 9:11:49 AM; An unnamed committee member asked if a retained bill like HB295 could still be acted upon during the first year. The chair explained that elements of retained bills could be amended into other bills, allowing for action in the current year.
HB354: Chair Information Only00:28:25.120 - 9:12:51 AM; The chair decided not to bring HB354 up for executive session, citing potential changes needed after communication with the Department of Education. The bill was deferred to ensure policy issues are thoroughly addressed.
HB366: Representative Spillsbury Information Only00:29:01.679 - 9:13:27 AM; Representative Spillsbury moved to retain HB366, citing the same reasons used for retaining another bill, HP295. No further comments were provided beyond the motion.
HB366: Representative Luno Information Only00:29:01.679 - 9:13:27 AM; Representative Luno concurred with the motion to retain HB366 without additional discussion.
HB494 2025-0172: Representative Lad Support00:31:08.480 - 9:15:34 AM; Representative Lad moved to recommend HB494 as ought to pass with amendment (OTPA). The amendment was seconded by Representative Luna, and no further comments were added to the motion.
HB494 2025-0172: Representative Earth Support00:32:55.000 - 9:17:21 AM; Representative Earth proposed amendment 2025-0172 to HB494, suggesting to flat fund the math learning program for the next biennium due to budget constraints. The amendment adjusts the funding from $250,000 to $200,000 for the second year, representing a total reduction of $50,000 over the biennium. The amendment was supported due to anticipated tight budget conditions, with further review planned by the finance committee.
HB494 2025-0172: Representative Lad Support00:37:53.880 - 9:22:19 AM; Representative Lad moved to recommend HB494 as ought to pass with amendment (OTPA) with the amendment 2025-0172. The motion was seconded by Representative Damon, and there was unanimous support among the committee members for the amended bill.
HB515: Representative Papovich Miller Oppose00:40:26.520 - 9:24:52 AM; Representative Papovich Miller moved for inexpedient to legislate (ITL) on HB515, arguing that charter schools are public schools and should not be treated differently regarding school building aid. The motion was seconded by Representative McGuire.
HB515: Representative Luno Support00:41:34.680 - 9:26:00 AM; Representative Luno opposed the ITL motion on HB515, highlighting differences between charter and public schools, such as governance by elected boards versus private nonprofit corporations. Concerns were raised about financial mismanagement in charter schools and the lack of dissolution standards to recover state investments.
HB515: Representative Damon Support00:42:55.119 - 9:27:21 AM; Representative Damon also opposed the ITL motion on HB515, citing differences in statutory requirements between charter and public schools. Concerns were expressed about inadequate school infrastructure funding and the potential risks of investing in charter schools.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Spelsbury Information Only00:46:09.040 - 9:30:35 AM; Representative Spelsbury opened the executive session on HB716 and recognized Representative Flad to make a motion.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Flad Support00:46:55.520 - 9:31:21 AM; Representative Flad made a motion of Ought to Pass (OTP) on HB716. He spoke in support of the bill, emphasizing the success of the Dual and Concurrent Enrollment Program. This program allows high school students to earn college credits through courses taught either at high schools or community college facilities. The courses are taught by qualified instructors and funded at $150 per course, with a limit on the number of courses covered by statute. If students wish to take more courses, they must pay the difference. Flad highlighted that the program saves students and families over $10 million and aligns with goals of affordability and accessibility set by the Governor's task force.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Luno Support00:48:38.599 - 9:33:04 AM; Representative Luno seconded the motion for OTP on HB716 but did not add further comments.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative RSE Support00:49:53.079 - 9:34:19 AM; Representative RSE made a motion to introduce amendment 2025-016h to HB716, which was seconded by Representative Luno. The amendment aims to flat fund the program at $2.5 million per year, the same as the current biennium, instead of increasing the budget to $3 million as proposed in the original bill. This amendment reduces the appropriation by $500,000 in each of the two years.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative F Support00:51:08.240 - 9:35:34 AM; Representative F supported the amendment, noting its alignment with the goal of increasing the budgeted amount for the program but suggested flat funding given the current situation. The amendment reflects a reduction to maintain funding at the current level.
HB716 2025-016h: Shannon Reed, Community College System of New Hampshire Information Only00:51:08.240 - 9:35:34 AM; Shannon Reed from the Community College System of New Hampshire provided information on the impact of the proposed funding change from $3 million to $2.5 million per year. Reed appreciated the committee's consideration of flat funding to keep the program moving forward, indicating an understanding that further budget discussions would occur in Division 2.
HB716 2025-016h: Shannon Reed, Community College System of New Hampshire Information Only00:51:08.240 - 9:35:34 AM; Shannon Reed concluded her discussion on the potential impact of reducing funding by half a million dollars, suggesting it might limit enrollment or the number of state-funded courses. She mentioned the possibility of revisiting the appropriation amount later in the legislative session, hoping for a chance to increase funding.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Glad Information Only00:54:22.359 - 9:38:48 AM; Representative Glad clarified the costs and benefits of the program, noting the negotiated $150 per course fee with the Community College System as opposed to higher fees for college students. He highlighted the program's expansion from grades 11 and 12 to include grade 10, and the challenges of funding four courses per student due to increased participation.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Damon Support00:57:09.880 - 9:41:35 AM; Representative Damon shared personal experience with a similar program in another state, emphasizing its value in making college courses accessible and affordable. He expressed concerns about the fiscal challenges and the possibility of further funding reductions by the Finance Committee, seeking assurances on maintaining or increasing the funding.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Support00:58:32.119 - 9:42:58 AM; The representative acknowledged the support for the program within the Finance Committee and their subcommittee but noted the uncertainty due to declining revenues and lack of a budget projection from the governor. They emphasized the value of the program and the desire to fund it at original levels if possible.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Pap P Miller Support00:59:31.160 - 9:43:57 AM; Representative Pap P Miller expressed strong support for the program, highlighting the historical value placed on the contributions of the Community College System by Division 2. They committed to doing everything possible to fund the program back to its original levels, despite current financial constraints.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Flad Support01:00:30.880 - 9:44:56 AM; Representative Flad discussed the importance of transferability of courses, noting that the program encourages students to continue their education within the state, potentially addressing workforce issues. They emphasized the need to prioritize funding for this program if additional funds become available.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Ames Support01:01:38.240 - 9:46:04 AM; Representative Ames expressed a consensus against reducing the funding but recognized the necessity given current circumstances. They hoped for a report that would emphasize restoring the original funding level if additional funds were available during the budget process.
HB716 2025-016h: Representative Lad Support01:02:23.400 - 9:46:49 AM; Representative Lad moved to pass the bill with the amendment, noting the unanimous support for the amendment. They emphasized the need to report enthusiastically on the amendment while hoping for increased funding later.
HB769: Representative Linda Gold of Bedford, New Hampshire Support01:18:01.440 - 10:02:27 AM; Representative Linda Gold introduced HB769, emphasizing the state's constitutional duty to provide adequate education funding. She referenced several court cases and expert analyses indicating that the current funding is insufficient, advocating for an increase in base adequacy aid to at least $7,351 per pupil, excluding transportation costs. She also supported a change to the Statewide education property tax rate to align with this funding increase.
HB769: Donna Magon, Superintendent of the Newport School District Support01:24:25.719 - 10:08:51 AM; Superintendent Donna Magon from Newport supported HB769, highlighting the district's challenges with staffing shortages and the increasing needs of students, including those requiring specialized education. She emphasized the need for increased funding to attract and retain quality teachers and to meet the diverse learning needs of students. Magon also discussed the impact of underfunding on graduation rates and community economic health, urging support for the bill to ensure adequate education funding.
HB769: Elizabeth Ying, Resident of Hopkinton, New Hampshire Support01:35:45.760 - 10:20:11 AM; Elizabeth Ying supported HB769, representing the 18 school districts involved in the Conval vs. State lawsuit. She argued for increasing the base adequacy funding to $7,351 per student, the minimum required to meet constitutional standards. Ying also supported the bill's proposal to increase the Statewide education property tax rate to $2.50 per thousand, noting that even at this rate, it would be less than 40% of what it was in 1999. She addressed a potential error in the fiscal note and urged the committee to adopt the bill.
HB769: Revenue Administration Representative Information Only01:40:31.119 - 10:24:57 AM; The Revenue Administration representative provided technical support on HB769, explaining that increasing the Statewide education property tax (SWEPT) rate to $2.50 per thousand would generate approximately $811 million, which would be apportioned based on equalized values. They clarified that under current law, all SWEPT collected stays within the municipality, and they did not have specific data on the dispersion of rates across municipalities.
HB769: Representative Damon Information Only01:49:31.480 - 10:33:57 AM; Representative Damon questioned whether increasing the SWEPT rate would lower local property taxes, clarifying that the SWEPT is a state tax collected and kept within communities, essentially functioning as another version of local property taxes. He emphasized that increasing the SWEPT tax rate in each municipality would result in more property taxes.
HB769: Bruce Canu, Supervisor of the Municipal Bureau, Department of Revenue Information Only01:50:52.199 - 10:35:18 AM; Bruce Canu introduced himself as the supervisor of the Municipal Bureau under the Department of Revenue's Municipal and Property Division. He provided technical support and confirmed the availability of a report. There was also a discussion about the fiscal note from the LBA, noting that no revised fiscal note had been received since the bill's introduction.
HB769: Rick Lad, Representative from Hale, NH Support01:53:37.679 - 10:38:03 AM; Representative Rick Lad introduced HB773, aimed at addressing the special education aid proration issue. He highlighted the gap between the budgeted $34 million and the actual costs of $51.6 million, resulting in a $17 million shortfall. The bill proposes that the Department of Education distribute no less than 85% of the district's entitlement for catastrophic aid costs in the fiscal year. Lad explained the financial burden on districts when state funding falls short, suggesting that a minimum proration rate of 85% would help mitigate this issue. He was open to committee discussion on whether to retain or modify the proration requirement.
HB769: Caitlyn Bernier, Marlow, NH Oppose02:00:52.280 - 10:45:18 AM; Caitlyn Bernier, a school budget committee member from Marlow, NH, opposed the bill, arguing that increasing the special education aid would add an unsustainable financial burden on districts and taxpayers. She noted that the state was not fulfilling its obligations, leaving districts to cover increasing costs. Bernier emphasized the importance of education for all students and criticized the state for not holding up its end of the bargain, which leads to increased property taxes. She expressed a desire for a guarantee of the grant rather than just setting a proration floor.
HB769: Caitlyn Bernier, Marlow, NH Information Only02:00:52.280 - 10:45:18 AM; Caitlyn Bernier's testimony concluded before the provided snippet, so no further details on her testimony are available from the given text.
HB769: Representative Damon Information Only02:05:41.239 - 10:50:07 AM; Representative Damon engaged in a dialogue about the current budget situation for special education funding. She highlighted the uncertainty districts face under the current pro-rating system, where they must estimate budget needs for special education, including potential costs for out-of-district placements. She explained the necessity of budgeting with a cushion to cover unexpected expenses, which can lead to perceptions of surplus hoarding when the funds are not fully utilized. She also discussed the implications of the proposed 85% funding level, indicating it would be an improvement over the current 67% but still less than the ideal 100%. She expressed concern that setting the funding at 85% might signal acceptance of this lower rate as standard.
HB769: Miss Baner Information Only02:08:03.440 - 10:52:29 AM; Miss Baner responded to questions regarding the proposed bill, expressing her view on its short-term potential benefits. She suggested that while the bill might help in the short term, a more substantial increase in funding fulfillment is necessary. She also raised concerns about the language used in the bill, questioning the use of the term 'entitlement' when proposing to fund only 80% of the entitlement, suggesting a need for clarity and consistency in the bill's language.
HB747: Glenn Cordelli, Tuonborough, Wolfeboro, and Alton, NH Support03:23:36.920 - 12:08:02 PM; Representative Glenn Cordelli introduced HB747, aimed at establishing a scholarship program for gifted and talented students. He mentioned that previous efforts focused on collecting information about existing programs but found many schools lacking in this area. Cordelli emphasized the need for programs catering to gifted students, who often receive less attention compared to students requiring remedial assistance. He detailed the bill's provisions, including a definition of giftedness, scholarship amounts up to $1,000 annually, and eligible expenses such as tuition, tutoring, and therapies. He also outlined the application and review process, which would be managed by the Department of Education, and discussed the appropriation requests, including funding for scholarships and administrative positions.
HB747: Prof McGuire Information Only03:31:11.359 - 12:15:37 PM; Prof McGuire inquired about the fiscal note for the bill, specifically noting the absence of funding for the new position in the second year of the budget. He also asked about the effort required to process one scholarship application, to which Cordelli responded that the review panel would assess applications without necessarily interviewing students or families.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:32:45.040 - 12:17:11 PM; An unnamed speaker sought clarification on the definition of giftedness as outlined in the bill, expressing confusion about the criteria and how they would be applied. Cordelli explained that the definition was intentionally kept general to encompass various forms of giftedness, including academic, artistic, and musical talents. He also noted the challenge in defining giftedness and the intention to provide flexibility in the scholarship criteria.
HB747: Representative Luno Information Only03:35:34.720 - 12:20:00 PM; Representative Luno questioned whether there might be a correlation between high performance on the NAEP tests and the presence of gifted students, suggesting that schools performing at the top might have more gifted students. Cordelli responded that it was possible but hesitated to provide a definitive answer, acknowledging that gifted students can be found in all school districts.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:36:59.840 - 12:21:25 PM; An unnamed speaker asked about the assessment for giftedness and the reapplication process for the scholarship. Cordelli clarified that there is no specific assessment for giftedness and that scholarships would require annual applications to allow more students access to the program.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:38:04.920 - 12:22:30 PM; An unnamed speaker discussed previous efforts in gifted and talented programs and questioned the criteria for giftedness as defined in the bill. They raised concerns about the inclusion of talents like visual arts, performing arts, and psychomotor abilities, questioning whether these would extend to athletic talents. Cordelli clarified that the bill's focus was on academic and artistic talents, not athletic abilities.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:41:30.720 - 12:25:56 PM; An unnamed speaker inquired about the accessibility of information from scholarship service providers in the event of an audit. Cordelli noted that while the program should be annually reviewed by the Department of Education, the privacy of information from service providers might limit full accessibility during an audit.
HB747: Representative Damon Information Only03:43:03.640 - 12:27:29 PM; Representative Damon, after initially losing her place, asked about the possibility of using scholarship funds for community college tuition. Cordelli agreed that this could be a good addition to the list of eligible expenses.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:44:13.720 - 12:28:39 PM; An unnamed speaker questioned whether the scholarship funds could be used for therapies beyond what is provided by special education services in schools. Cordelli responded that the decision would be left to the parents if they believed additional therapies were necessary.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:44:54.080 - 12:29:20 PM; The speaker discussed additional therapies for twice-exceptional students, suggesting that if a student's IEP called for a certain number of hours, but the parent wanted more due to the student's talent or giftedness, they could provide additional therapies via the scholarship.
HB747: Representative Damon Information Only03:46:21.000 - 12:30:47 PM; Representative Damon raised concerns about page five, lines 16 and 17 of the bill, which allow scholarship service providers to limit access to services and potentially discriminate based on creed. The intent behind this was to provide independence to the service provider, particularly regarding religious freedom. Representative Damon questioned whether an amendment could be introduced to prevent scholarship service providers from discriminating against students, but the response indicated this might be too broad.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:47:08.120 - 12:31:34 PM; The speaker clarified that scholarship service providers accepting payments from the program are not agents of the state or federal government, emphasizing their independence and clarifying that they work for the family, not the state.
HB747: Representative Luna Information Only03:48:32.319 - 12:32:58 PM; Representative Luna questioned if the determination of an eligible student for the scholarship was connected to the student's financial need, to which the response was that it is not. The speaker defended the scholarship program, arguing that it aims to support students regardless of their financial background to help them succeed in the future.
HB747: Unnamed Speaker Information Only03:50:06.640 - 12:34:32 PM; The speaker clarified that only public school students would be eligible for the scholarships as indicated on the bill's first page. They also addressed concerns about accountability for expenses like computer hardware and internet connectivity, stating that the Department of Education would write rules to ensure responsible use of scholarship funds.
HB747: Representative Moffett Information Only03:52:24.680 - 12:36:50 PM; Representative Moffett, interested in the topic, mentioned that a previous bill, HB 321, required school districts to report on services for gifted students. They shared a conversation with an attorney from the Department of Education about this measure. They also highlighted New Hampshire's poor performance in supporting gifted students compared to other states like Mississippi, urging the committee to consider improving support for this population.
HB747: Mary Wilky, Contoocook Oppose03:54:34.000 - 12:39:00 PM; Mary Wilky from Contoocook expressed opposition to the bill, arguing that funds should first be used to ensure every student, including gifted ones, has access to an excellent education in public schools. She highlighted the importance of exposing students to various subjects to discover their aptitudes and criticized the lack of support for gifted and talented students within schools. She suggested that instead of funding private providers, the state should support public schools with resources and expertise to meet the needs of gifted students, expressing concerns about accountability and the selection process for scholarships.
HB747: Representative McGuire Information Only04:03:06.960 - 12:47:32 PM; Representative McGuire questioned the ratio of scholarships to students, asking if it aligns with the occurrence of exceptionally intelligent students. They discussed whether giftedness is a continuum or a noticeable jump, to which Mary Wilky responded that it's a continuum and expressed concerns about how scholarships would be allocated and the lack of data to support the ratio.
HB750: Representative Mike Moffett, Merrimack Support04:06:08.680 - 12:50:34 PM; Representative Mike Moffett from Merrimack presented HB750, which proposes incentive grants for schools that improve in certain assessment scores, particularly in mathematics. He cited recent NAEP test results showing a decline in New Hampshire's eighth-grade math scores and criticized the focus on non-academic issues in education. Moffett suggested that celebrating and promoting achievement could be incentivized through grants, allowing schools to compete against their own baselines rather than each other. He discussed the bill's history, including its endorsement after an interim study, and emphasized the importance of recognizing and sharing successful strategies among schools. He proposed redirecting funds from the education trust fund for this initiative and supported a mission-oriented approach to implementing the incentive program.
HB750: Representative Mike Moffett, Merrimack Support04:06:08.680 - 12:50:34 PM; Representative Moffett endorses the concept and mission of the bill, which aims to improve learning and provide funding. He believes the details should be worked out by stakeholders. He addresses a question from Representative Papovich about whether schools should be doing what the bill suggests without incentives. Moffett argues that in an ideal world, incentives would not be necessary, but given current educational challenges and test scores, he supports the use of incentives to motivate schools. He suggests that $50,000, while not a huge amount, could still be beneficial and boost community morale and support for public education.
HB772: Representative Dave Luno, Merrimack County District 9 (Bow and Hopkinton) Support04:32:52.040 - 1:17:18 PM; Representative Luno supports HB772, which proposes a new approach to school funding through a foundation opportunity budget program. He emphasizes the state's responsibility to fund public schools and discusses the current funding formula's shortcomings, which he describes as a one-size-fits-all model. Luno explains that HB772 aims to reform school funding, the statewide education property tax, and implement property tax relief. He highlights the need for a funding model that focuses on student outcomes and equitable distribution of resources. Luno also addresses questions about the bill's implementation, accountability, and its potential impact on different school districts. He notes the importance of collaboration between districts and the need for a fiscal note to understand the financial implications.
HB772: Deborah H, President of the American Federation of Teachers New Hampshire Support05:31:01.200 - 2:15:27 PM; Deborah H, representing the American Federation of Teachers New Hampshire, expressed strong support for HB772. She emphasized the need for a stable, predictable, and effective funding method for public schools, stating it as a constitutional right for all children in New Hampshire. She criticized the current system for not being fair to students or local property taxpayers, predicting increased strain at future town meetings. Deborah highlighted the necessity of small class sizes, certified teachers capable of addressing diverse educational needs, and a comprehensive curriculum, including advanced subjects like calculus. She praised the bill's approach to calculating funding based on actual costs and achieving student outcomes, noting disparities in school performance linked to funding levels. She mentioned recent research from the Albert Shanker Institute that supports the positive impact of increased K12 funding on student outcomes. Deborah concluded by urging the committee to find a way to implement this funding blueprint, suggesting it's crucial for all students and sustainable for taxpayers.

Ladd, Rick(Chairman)(R)[B+]2024	Brown, Pam(Clerk)(R)	Spilsbury, Walter(V Chairman)(R)[B+]2024
McGuire, Dan(R)[A+]2024	Ames, Dick(D)[CT]2024	Burton, Wayne(D)[CT]2018
Luneau, David(D)[CT]2024	Colcombe, Riché(R)[A-]2024	Chretien, Suzanne(D)
Popovici-Muller, Daniel(R)[A+]2024	Damon, Hope(D)[CT]2024	Kofalt, Jim(R)[A+]2024
Fellows, Sallie(D)[CT]2024	Erf, Keith(R)[A]2024	Bricchi, Tracy(D)
Weinstein, Toni(D)	Peeples, Raymond(R)	Mehegan, Peter(R)