Committee Summary for House Environment and Agriculture (02/17/2026)

Bill/Time	Type	Title	Sponsor
HB1176 00:06:20.000 - 8:00:41 AM	General Working Session	relative to the display of license plates on vehicles.	Notter, Jeanine(R)[A-]2025
HB1013 2026-0718h 01:08:04.079 - 9:02:25 AM	General Working Session	prohibiting games in which the object is to capture a pig.	Harvey, Cathryn(D)[F]2025
HB1013 2026-0718h 01:13:53.679 - 9:08:14 AM	Executive Session	prohibiting games in which the object is to capture a pig.	Harvey, Cathryn(D)[F]2025
HB1053 01:16:10.480 - 9:10:31 AM	General Working Session	establishing a study committee to determine if and how the department of agriculture could receive electronically-submitted pesticide use reports.	Bixby, Peter(D)[F]2025
HB1053 01:18:10.000 - 9:12:31 AM	Executive Session	establishing a study committee to determine if and how the department of agriculture could receive electronically-submitted pesticide use reports.	Bixby, Peter(D)[F]2025
HB1780 2026-0750h 01:19:06.080 - 9:13:27 AM	General Working Session	increasing penalties for persons violating laws relative to the sale of seeds, plants, and nursery stock.	Comtois, Barbara(R)[B+]2025
HB1780 2026-0750h 01:22:59.600 - 9:17:20 AM	Executive Session	increasing penalties for persons violating laws relative to the sale of seeds, plants, and nursery stock.	Comtois, Barbara(R)[B+]2025
HB1186 2026-0613h 01:26:27.520 - 9:20:48 AM	General Working Session	relative to the sale and labeling of eggs.	Barbour, Liz(R)[B+]2025
HB1186 2026-0613h 01:31:02.080 - 9:25:23 AM	Executive Session	relative to the sale and labeling of eggs.	Barbour, Liz(R)[B+]2025
HB1176 01:35:06.239 - 9:29:27 AM	General Working Session	relative to the display of license plates on vehicles.	Notter, Jeanine(R)[A-]2025
HB1018 01:36:12.800 - 9:30:33 AM	Executive Session	prohibiting the use of certain second generation anticoagulant rodenticides.	Harvey, Cathryn(D)[F]2025
HB1676 2024-0749h 01:43:22.880 - 9:37:43 AM	Executive Session	limiting consumer access to certain high-risk rodenticides.	Barbour, Liz(R)[B+]2025
HB1096 01:59:26.639 - 9:53:47 AM	Executive Session	establishing a committee to study ways to manage disposal of vapes and e-cigarettes.	Germana, Nicholas(D)[F]2025
HB1192 02:04:17.760 - 9:58:38 AM	Executive Session	exempting certain household pharmaceutical wastes from the definition of hazardous waste.	Haskins, Linda(D)[F]2025
HB1620 02:06:43.599 - 10:01:04 AM	Executive Session	establishing closure and remediation requirements for abandoned or leaking on-premises-use fuel oil tanks and requiring disclosure of tank status during property sales.	Perez, Kristine(R)[B+]2025
HB1282 02:29:10.960 - 10:23:31 AM	Executive Session	establishing a commission to advise the department of environmental services on food waste diversion.	Parshall, Lucius(D)[F]2025
HB1275 02:34:05.760 - 10:28:26 AM	Executive Session	relative to the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on agriculture.	Thomas, Wendy(D)[CT]2025
HB1138 02:47:43.840 - 10:42:04 AM	Executive Session	limiting the placement of out-of-state waste going into New Hampshire landfills.	Germana, Nicholas(D)[F]2025
HB1133 04:08:38.239 - 12:02:59 PM	Public Hearing	defining and regulating livestock guardian dogs.	Schamberg, Thomas(D)[CT]2025
HB1092 05:11:39.040 - 1:06:00 PM	Public Hearing	relative to guard dogs.	Comtois, Barbara(R)[B+]2025
HB1253 05:22:03.600 - 1:16:24 PM	Public Hearing	enabling the use of dogs to guard crops.	Comtois, Barbara(R)[B+]2025
HB1488 06:10:06.718 - 2:04:27 PM	Public Hearing	relative to rabies vaccines for animals.	Ammon, Keith(R)[A]2025

HB1176: Representative Comtois Information Only00:06:20.000 - 8:00:41 AM; Opened the subcommittee work session on HB1176-FN, inviting open discussion and calling on representatives from the Department of Agriculture to present suggestions.
HB1176: Nathan Harvey, Assistant State Veterinarian, Department of Agriculture Information Only00:07:53.919 - 8:02:14 AM; Presented the commissioner's comments on the bill, suggesting changes to address issues with 'imminent danger' by requiring probable cause determination by the state veterinarian or designee for confiscation, only after charges are filed. Explained concerns that imminent danger might not cover life-threatening conditions not immediately fatal. Suggested language for page 1, lines 3-8. Also addressed 'extreme suffering,' proposing that if care costs exceed reimbursement limits under AGR rules, the animal may be euthanized unless the owner agrees to pay. Noted rules include daily rates and up to $5,000 emergency care per case. Further suggested broadening investigation participants to include the state veterinarian's designee, potentially non-governmental experts, to ensure species-specific knowledge.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:12:06.560 - 8:06:27 AM; Clarified that the suggestion requires probable cause for seizure, noting an animal might be two days from imminent danger.
HB1176: Josh Marshall, Assistant Commissioner, Department of Agriculture Information Only00:17:02.560 - 8:11:23 AM; Provided details on AGR rule 3504.01, listing daily amounts for different animals and $5,000 aggregate for emergency veterinary care per case.
HB1176: Nathan Harvey Information Only00:18:14.000 - 8:12:35 AM; Elaborated on 'designate' as broad, allowing involvement of experts like other veterinarians or agency personnel with livestock species expertise, not limited to government employees.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:20:10.000 - 8:14:31 AM; Invited comments from organizations present: Humane World, SPCA, sheriff's office, and New Hampshire Farm Bureau, emphasizing the committee's goal to refine the bill on animal cruelty.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:21:21.679 - 8:15:42 AM; Supported the department's changes, noting they prevent hasty actions without imminent danger and allow more time to assess the animal's condition.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:22:08.159 - 8:16:29 AM; Expressed concern over the $5,000 limit for euthanizing animals, suggesting it might be insufficient for care costs, and preferred keeping 'may' instead of 'shall' for euthanasia to avoid monetary restrictions.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:23:17.280 - 8:17:38 AM; Suggested the $5,000 amount is set in rules and could be adjusted there, not in the bill, and preferred retaining 'may' for euthanasia.
HB1176: Representative Kenny Information Only00:23:17.280 - 8:17:38 AM; Noted variation in care costs for large vs. small livestock, like draft horses vs. goats, and that treatment could exceed $5,000 easily.
HB1176: Representative Haskins Information Only00:24:34.880 - 8:18:55 AM; Agreed with concerns, explaining 'may' gives latitude while 'shall' is restrictive, leaving discretion to authorities.
HB1176: Representative Kenny Information Only00:25:48.320 - 8:20:09 AM; Emphasized that treating veterinarians can determine costs based on set rules for daily charges per animal type, making it objective.
HB1176: Representative (unnamed) Information Only00:26:40.640 - 8:21:01 AM; Voiced serious concerns about changing 'may' to 'shall' for euthanasia due to the monetary limit, advocating against restricting animal care based on cost and suggesting rules adjustments instead.
HB1176: Representative Bixby Information Only00:27:34.000 - 8:21:55 AM; Representative Bixby raises concerns about the scope of the bill, noting that while the intent is to address livestock specifically, the current statutory language in RSA 644:8 Roman 4 A1 appears to apply to all animals, not just livestock. He suggests this might require an amendment to create a subsection for livestock to ensure the bill's focus remains narrow and avoids broader unintended implications. He credits Mr. Brandenburg for spotting the issue and discusses potential use of existing definitions from RSA 436 to clarify livestock.
HB1176: State Assistant State Vet Information Only00:29:27.360 - 8:23:48 AM; The State Assistant State Vet clarifies that the definition of 'animal' in the bill includes domestic animals, household pets, or wild animals in captivity, applying to all animals rather than livestock only. He acknowledges the intent to limit the bill to livestock and supports exploring amendments to align the language accordingly.
HB1176: Committee Chair Information Only00:31:11.120 - 8:25:32 AM; The Chair facilitates discussion on amending the bill to specify livestock, suggesting consultation with Office of Legislative Services (OS) and the department for definitions and wording. He emphasizes the importance of getting the legislation right to ensure it pertains only to livestock as intended, and proposes bringing suggestions forward for the next day.
HB1176: Department Representative Information Only00:33:33.440 - 8:27:54 AM; The Department Representative offers to refer to other laws, gather existing definitions, and provide wording suggestions by the end of the day after checking with the commissioner. He underscores the need to make the bill specific to livestock.
HB1176: Representative (Unnamed) Information Only00:36:04.160 - 8:30:25 AM; This representative raises concerns about incorporating humane societies and other entities into the law for boarding confiscated animals. He notes the current bill assumes their involvement but lacks standards, and some interpretations exclude them from both investigation and care. He suggests clarifying language to allow for-profit and nonprofit organizations to participate in either investigation or care, but not both, to avoid conflicts while ensuring clarity of intent.
HB1176: Heather Faria, Pope Memorial SPCA and NH Federation of Humane Organizations Oppose00:40:08.880 - 8:34:29 AM; Heather Faria expresses concerns that organizations with expertise in animal care are the same ones capable of assisting investigations, and restricting them from one role due to involvement in the other could hinder practical implementation. She notes only two places in the state have capacity for boarding and care, making exclusions problematic. She suggests the bill's structure already eliminates conflicts by vesting decision-making with the state vet's office, and removing restrictive language on humane societies might reduce resistance and allow their expertise to benefit the process without compromising law enforcement's role.
HB1176: Representative Bixby Information Only00:44:42.160 - 8:39:03 AM; Representative Bixby highlights the limited number of organizations capable of boarding, noting that excluding even one due to investigation involvement could eliminate half the available options, which impacts the feasibility of the bill's provisions.
HB1176: Sheriff Bill Wright, Belknap County Sheriff and President of New Hampshire Sheriff's Association Support00:46:18.160 - 8:40:39 AM; Sheriff Wright supports the bill with two exceptions. First, he expresses concern about section 8, which prohibits publicizing the name and address of the owner until adjudication, as law enforcement sometimes needs to release information to solicit public tips during investigations and maintain transparency with constituents. Second, he emphasizes the need for law enforcement to consult experts from organizations like SPCA or Humane Society for assistance in animal cases, and requests that these same entities be allowed to house seized animals to avoid conflicts. He notes awareness of a related Senate bill that could expedite hearings for animal confiscation, aiding the bill's implementation.
HB1176: Representative Bixby Information Only00:49:12.880 - 8:43:33 AM; Representative Bixby clarifies a flaw in current law referencing 'licensed humane society' officers, noting no licensing process exists. She suggests drafting language to allow consultation with experts without creating a licensing process, and mentions other sources of expertise, including a department list of designees. She supports flexibility for local experts.
HB1176: Dr. Harvey Information Only00:52:51.839 - 8:47:12 AM; Dr. Harvey notes that the bill references RSA 427:38, which defines livestock, aiding in defining livestock for the new subsection. She apologizes for not spotting it earlier.
HB1013 2026-0718h: Representative Scully Support01:08:04.079 - 9:02:25 AM; Representative Scully presents the amendment, creating a new section for contests involving pigs. It requires the Department of Agriculture, Markets and Food to consult with stakeholders like livestock farmers, veterinarians, the state fair association, and UNH Cooperative Extension to identify and publish best handling practices and recommendations for pig capture contests ahead of the 2027 fair season. These include handling during release and capture, supervision, training guidance, and transportation provisions. The department must also adopt rules under RSA 541-A for enforcement, including penalties like suspending violative contests for a period without criminal fines. The amendment takes effect upon passage. Scully notes support from a Deerfield Fair organizer and emphasizes humane treatment and guidance for fairs.
HB1013 2026-0718h: Representative Bixby Support01:12:37.120 - 9:06:58 AM; Representative Bixby comments that testimony showed variation in how fairs manage pig scrambles, with some doing well and others not. She believes the bill and amendment balance allowing the events while ensuring all fairs meet a good standard.
HB1013 2026-0718h: Committee Vote Vote01:13:53.679 - 9:08:14 AM; The committee votes unanimously (15-0) to adopt amendment 2026-0718h and then Ought to Pass Amended (OTPA) on HB 1013 with the amendment.
HB1053: Representative Comtois Oppose01:16:10.480 - 9:10:31 AM; Representative Comtois explains that discussions with Director Russo revealed the department uses an Excel spreadsheet on a local server, not a proper database, making electronic submission impractical now. He recommends Inexpedient to Legislate (ITL) until next year to develop a better system, noting concerns about implying a financial note with the term 'database'.
HB1053: Representative Bixby Support01:17:20.320 - 9:11:41 AM; Representative Bixby agrees with the ITL recommendation.
HB1053: Committee Vote Vote01:18:10.000 - 9:12:31 AM; The committee votes unanimously (15-0) for Inexpedient to Legislate (ITL) on HB 1053 and places it on consent.
HB1780 2026-0750h: Representative Comtois Support01:19:06.080 - 9:13:27 AM; Representative Comtois introduces the amendment, addressing concerns about 'habitual offender' by removing it. It clarifies labeling rules, prohibiting reuse of stickers without month, year of germination test, sell-by date per RSAs, and matching lot number. It deletes the 'not more than once' relabeling limit and adds that seeds shall not be sold more than 36 months from production date, aligning with other states. He supports it as common sense to resolve confusion for the department and retailers.
HB1780 2026-0750h: Representative Bixby Support01:21:32.880 - 9:15:53 AM; Representative Bixby agrees the approach solves the labeling problem effectively. She notes if habitual offenses arise elsewhere, they can be addressed later, as this targets a specific consistent issue.
HB1780 2026-0750h: Committee Vote Vote01:22:59.600 - 9:17:20 AM; The committee discusses parliamentary procedure briefly, opting to continue with roll call votes. They vote unanimously (15-0) to adopt amendment 2026-0750h and then Ought to Pass Amended (OTPA) on HB 1780 with the amendment, placing it on consent.
HB1186 2026-0613h: Representative Comtois Support01:26:27.520 - 9:20:48 AM; Representative Comtois discusses the amendment, which exempts small producers and defines commercial egg producers to protect small backyard producers from violating existing law. He notes discrepancies in egg labeling laws and that the bill is necessary despite federal CFRs, as it provides exemptions beyond just personal use or giving to neighbors. He urges support, believing the department may not fully agree but it's needed for small farmers.
HB1186 2026-0613h: Representative Bixby Information Only01:27:57.120 - 9:22:18 AM; Representative Bixby asks if the amendment's exemption complies with federal law per CFRs. She suggests that even if it slightly exceeds federal allowances, enforcement is unlikely for small sales like five dozen eggs to neighbors, and recommends proceeding.
HB1186 2026-0613h: Representative Miner Information Only01:29:22.239 - 9:23:43 AM; Representative Miner seeks clarification on the amendment number (2026-0613h).
HB1186 2026-0613h: Representative (unnamed) Support01:30:11.199 - 9:24:32 AM; The representative asks if Honorable Bill John Bert is happy with the amendment; upon confirmation, states 'Then I'm happy too.'
HB1186 2026-0613h: Committee Vote Vote01:31:02.080 - 9:25:23 AM; The committee confirms distribution of the amendment and proceeds to vote on Ought to Pass (OTP) on amendment 2026-0613h for HB 1186, with a second from Representative Germana. Roll call begins but is not completed in the transcript.
HB1186 2026-0613h: Committee Vote01:31:02.080 - 9:25:23 AM; The committee voted unanimously 15-0 to pass the motion for inexpedient to legislate (ITL) on HB1186.
HB1186 2026-0613h: Committee Vote01:31:55.600 - 9:26:16 AM; The committee voted unanimously 15-0 to pass Ought to Pass as Amended (OTPA) on HB1186 with amendment 2026-0613h, and placed it on consent. Discussion included procedural notes on amendments and assignment of committee report to Representative Comtois.
HB1176: Representative Germana Information Only01:35:06.239 - 9:29:27 AM; Update from subcommittee meeting: Amendment needs significant work; department will create new subsection for livestock in RSA; subcommittee to meet again tomorrow at 9:30. Chair noted execution before March 5th, aiming for March 3rd.
HB1018: Representative Bixby Oppose01:36:12.800 - 9:30:33 AM; Discussed issues with HB1018's complete ban on second-generation rodenticides, noting it ignores first-generation ones causing secondary poisoning. Exemptions are insufficient for public health; prefers alternative bill restricting sales to licensed applicators for better oversight. Moved for ITL.
HB1018: Chairwoman Erin Support01:38:43.199 - 9:33:04 AM; Agreed with Representative Bixby's assessment on HB1018.
HB1018: Representative Wheeler Oppose01:39:29.280 - 9:33:50 AM; Voted against ITL, favoring complete ban due to public health threats from rodenticides poisoning the environment and destroying ecosystems; advocates for symbiosis as solution.
HB1018: Representative Gruber Oppose01:39:29.280 - 9:33:50 AM; Voted against ITL, concerned that HB1676 limiting consumer access is inadequate; views it as a serious environmental issue.
HB1018: Committee Vote01:40:43.440 - 9:35:04 AM; Motion for ITL on HB1018 passed with 11 yes, 3 nay (Haskins, Wheeler, Gruber), 1 absent (Barber).
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Barber Information Only01:43:22.880 - 9:37:43 AM; Representative Barber explains the amendment, which removes three chemicals—bromadiolone, brodifacoum, and zinc phosphide—from the bill at the recommendation of hearing participants. He notes it is a simple change that does not affect the rest of the bill.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative King Information Only01:44:16.719 - 9:38:37 AM; Representative King seeks clarification on the amendment, expressing confusion about what is being changed in the original bill regarding the list of pesticides.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Bixby Support01:44:16.719 - 9:38:37 AM; Representative Bixby explains that the removed chemicals—bromadiolone, brodifacoum, and zinc phosphide—do not pose the same secondary poisoning risks as second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides because of their different chemistry. Zinc phosphide is already restricted and more potent. He discusses the history of similar bills, the lack of federal action, and the need to address secondary poisonings in wildlife like bald eagles, hawks, fishers, and other predators. The bill restricts use to licensed applicators to reduce off-target exposure, provide better oversight, and collect data on usage, striking a balance between rodent control and wildlife protection.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Bixby (continued) Support01:47:00.880 - 9:41:21 AM; Continuing his explanation, Representative Bixby notes that consumer formulations lead to higher off-target poisoning, and limiting to licensed applicators allows for future adjustments if needed. This approach provides better data and control compared to over-the-shelf sales.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative German Support01:50:31.199 - 9:44:52 AM; Representative German supports the bill, acknowledging the scientific evidence of wildlife impacts. He appreciates the data and control benefits of limiting to licensed applicators and views it as a pragmatic compromise that advances progress, unlike a full ban which might not pass.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Comtois Oppose01:52:37.840 - 9:46:58 AM; Representative Comtois supports the amendment but opposes the bill, arguing that the pesticide control board is already addressing this issue and their expertise should guide restrictions rather than legislative action.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Committee Member (unidentified) Information Only01:53:42.480 - 9:48:03 AM; Notes that Representative Barber and Adam Karach from Pestend worked with the pesticide control board and Mr. Russo on the bill's language, suggesting it could be incorporated into their requirements.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Haskins Support01:53:42.480 - 9:48:03 AM; Representative Haskins supports the bill as a pragmatic step forward, though not a full ban, after years of discussion on this important topic.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Patenza Support01:54:48.639 - 9:49:09 AM; Representative Patenza emphasizes that the legislature sets policy, and after extensive hearings, this bill is the closest to passing fully, allowing the pesticide control board to handle expertise afterward.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Scully Information Only01:54:48.639 - 9:49:09 AM; Representative Scully asks about exemptions for farmers and comments that the civil penalty in the bill seems excessive. He is informed that most farmers are already certified or employ certified applicators.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Barber Support01:57:09.599 - 9:51:30 AM; Moves for Ought to Pass (OTP) on amendment 2024-0749h.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Committee (voting) Vote01:57:09.599 - 9:51:30 AM; The committee votes unanimously in favor of the amendment 2024-0749h by show of hands with no opposition.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Representative Barber Support01:58:09.440 - 9:52:30 AM; Moves for Ought to Pass Amended (OTPA) on HB1676 with amendment 2024-0749h.
HB1676 2024-0749h: Committee (voting) Vote01:58:09.440 - 9:52:30 AM; Roll call vote on OTPA for HB1676 with amendment: Yes from Vice Chairman Barber, Representative Kenny, Patenza, Clerk, Miner, Ranking member Bixby, Selg, German, Haskins, Ryan, Wheeler, Gruber, Chairman (13 yes); No from Representative Comtois and Skully (2 no). Motion passes 13-2.
HB1096: Chairwoman Oppose01:59:26.639 - 9:53:47 AM; The Chairwoman opens discussion, noting that the solid waste working group, including Representative Eel, is already addressing vape disposal issues with industry and municipalities. She mentions challenges with separating lithium-ion batteries and flavoring units, ongoing studies in other states, and recommends Inexpedient to Legislate (ITL) to allow further work without a new study committee.
HB1096: Representative German Oppose02:00:49.119 - 9:55:10 AM; Representative German sees value in a study committee to combine efforts and speed progress but supports the ITL given the solid waste working group's work.
HB1096: Chairwoman Oppose02:01:53.119 - 9:56:14 AM; The Chairwoman adds that with three existing study committees and limited fall time, a new one on this complex issue is unnecessary, and moves for ITL.
HB1096: Committee (voting) Vote02:03:03.199 - 9:57:24 AM; Roll call vote on ITL for HB1096: Unanimous yes from all members (14-0). Motion passes.
HB1096: Representative Patenza Information Only02:03:03.199 - 9:57:24 AM; Representative Patenza suggests collaborating with Representative German to compile research on vape disposal and share it with the solid waste working group as an outline.
HB1096: Representative German Information Only02:04:17.760 - 9:58:38 AM; Agrees to collaborate on providing information to the solid waste working group.
HB1192: Chairwoman Information Only02:04:17.760 - 9:58:38 AM; The Chairwoman introduces HB1192 (corrected from earlier mention) as a housekeeping bill to align with changes in SB147A, seeking comments.
HB1192: Representative Haskins Support02:04:17.760 - 9:58:38 AM; Representative Haskins introduced the bill at the department's request and notes they are available for questions, describing it as straightforward housekeeping.
HB1192: Representative Haskins Support02:05:34.159 - 9:59:55 AM; Supports passage of the OTP amendment to make sections consistent.
HB1192: Representative Bixby Support02:05:34.159 - 9:59:55 AM; Agrees with Haskins and supports the motion for OTP.
HB1192: Committee Chair Vote02:05:34.159 - 9:59:55 AM; Calls for motion on OTP for HB1192, seconds it, and conducts roll call vote which passes 14-0 unanimously.
HB1620: Representative Bixby (Sponsor) Support02:06:43.599 - 10:01:04 AM; Explains the bill's purpose to address environmental hazards from unused underground residential heating oil tanks. Details amendment creating specific definitions, requiring removal after 12 months of non-use per fire code, remediation for leaks, prohibition on new installations in new construction, and disclosure in real estate. Worked with DES oil remediation division for accurate language. Notes cost of removal is lower than cleanup.
HB1620: Representative Miner Oppose02:10:42.320 - 10:05:03 AM; Objects to the bill prohibiting new underground storage tanks, stating they are still allowed under building code review board rules, typically double-wall or fiberglass, and the committee should not interfere.
HB1620: Mike Whimsat, DES Director of Waste Management Division Information Only02:12:14.880 - 10:06:35 AM; Clarifies DES regulates commercial underground storage tanks but not residential except for releases requiring cleanup. Confirms amendment prohibits new residential underground tanks without DES regulation. Notes residential settings often neglect maintenance, leading to problems; supports avoiding underground tanks as bad policy. Discusses safety of vaulted tanks with monitoring but emphasizes need for trained operators. Shares remediation costs: $25-30k for above-ground releases, up to $100k for underground; removal costs $5-10k with subsidies available via safe tank program.
HB1620: Representative Scully Support02:13:13.440 - 10:07:34 AM; Asks about safety of tanks in concrete vaults with monitoring; agrees they are safe but notes residential neglect issues. Inquires about leak odds in double-wall fiberglass tanks in concrete, learns they work well with proper monitoring.
HB1620: Representative Gruber Information Only02:15:08.960 - 10:09:29 AM; Seeks clarification on whether the bill allows replacing removed leaky tanks in existing homes; notes it does not explicitly prohibit replacements.
HB1620: Representative Patenza Support02:16:06.639 - 10:10:27 AM; Supports bill but suggests removing prohibition on new installations, allowing safe options like vaulted tanks for those willing to invest, especially on expensive properties. Notes no existing RSA bans underground tanks.
HB1620: Representative Selig Information Only02:23:38.399 - 10:17:59 AM; Raises concern about 12-month non-use timeline for probate properties potentially exceeding a year; suggests possible extension.
HB1620: Representative Barber Information Only02:25:35.359 - 10:19:56 AM; Comments on potential issues with homes under restoration or remodeling not being lived in, questioning if considered abandoned.
HB1620: Committee Chair Information Only02:27:59.439 - 10:22:20 AM; Decides more work needed on amendment, plans additional session on March 3rd; invites input to Bixby.
HB1282: Committee Chair Oppose02:29:10.960 - 10:23:31 AM; Moves for ITL, arguing against another commission; notes recent food waste landfill ban and ongoing infrastructure building by organizations; sees no value.
HB1282: Representative Bixby Oppose02:30:31.680 - 10:24:52 AM; Agrees commission not ideal; suggests targeted grants in budget year instead to encourage diversion.
HB1282: Representative Patenza Oppose02:30:31.680 - 10:24:52 AM; Agrees program is in infancy post-ban, needs time for data; commission not the way forward.
HB1282: Committee Chair Vote02:31:40.960 - 10:26:01 AM; Calls for motion on ITL, seconds it, conducts roll call vote which passes 15-0 unanimously.
HB1275: Representative Germana (Sponsor) Support02:34:05.760 - 10:28:26 AM; Updates on amendment: consensus to remove moratorium; add pre-application baseline PFAS testing on agricultural land to ensure combined levels stay below targets. Needs to coordinate with DES and Dept of Ag for statutory placement.
HB1275: Representative Haskins Support02:34:05.760 - 10:28:26 AM; Has amendment in works with original sponsor Rep. Thomas; requests scientist for PFAS info.
HB1275: Laura Orlando, Senior Scientist at Just Zero, Professor at Boston University Support02:35:18.080 - 10:29:39 AM; Supports moratorium and health-based threshold of 1 ppb for PFOA/PFOS based on EPA risk assessment. Shares USGS data showing high PFAS in NH wastewater sludge and agricultural soils (up to 503 ppb sum PFAS), orders of magnitude above thresholds, risking cancers, thyroid disease, immune issues via food uptake. Recommends landfilling sludge; cost minimal per household vs. health costs. Explains PFAS entry via leachate, precursors in TOPA method. Does not recommend land application; notes uptake varies by plant/PFAS type, contaminates livestock/meat/milk.
HB1275: Committee Chair Information Only02:44:17.760 - 10:38:38 AM; Suggests combining amendments from Haskins and Germana; plans further discussion next week.
HB1138: Representative German (Sponsor) Support02:47:43.840 - 10:42:04 AM; Defends bill against commerce clause concerns; structures 30% out-of-state cap by 2030 for operators, allowing revenue increase; only one landfill exceeds 30% now; argues no undue burden as MA pays less, NH accepts unrestricted materials, other landfills can absorb more. Seeks DOJ input; sees balance protecting in-state interests.
HB1138: Committee Chair Information Only02:47:43.840 - 10:42:04 AM; Raises concerns on constitutionality, commerce clause cases; questions impact of Bethlehem closure on operators prioritizing NH vs. out-of-state waste; notes operators' commitments may not suffice.
HB1138: Representative Comtois Oppose02:52:20.479 - 10:46:41 AM; Notes landfills must guarantee NH waste priority in expansions; cannot charge more for out-of-state due to commerce clause; NH ships hazardous waste out but takes in much more.
HB1138: Representative Scully Support02:54:31.520 - 10:48:52 AM; Disturbed by taking other states' trash; asks if bill first in nation—notes no, but similar public ownership models in other states like ME; sees as marker for federal action like past bills.
HB1138: Representative Bixby Support02:56:01.520 - 10:50:22 AM; Supports as balance: NH exports hazardous waste, so limits on imports fair. Notes aggregated study data protects landowner privacy.
HB1138: Representative Patenza Support02:57:09.120 - 10:51:30 AM; Frustrated NH as dumping ground (e.g., MA asbestos to Rochester); NH takes far more out-of-state (up to 50%) than exports (10-12%); urges prioritizing NH waste in contracts, partnering with industry for protection without violating commerce clause.
HB1138: Representative Wheeler Support03:00:21.840 - 10:54:42 AM; Enraged at NH as NE trash disposal; ironic to criticize MA while accepting its waste.
HB1138: Representative King Oppose03:03:03.520 - 10:57:24 AM; Agrees on banning more materials like other states; believes bill violates commerce clause but won't fight if passes; suggests state-owned landfills to exclude out-of-state like ME; notes private profit motive drives imports.
HB1138: Representative Haskins Support03:05:35.520 - 10:59:56 AM; Representative Haskins emphasizes the need to support the bill as a necessary step until further proposals are seen, highlighting its importance in addressing the issue.
HB1138: Representative [Unspecified] Support03:05:35.520 - 10:59:56 AM; The representative agrees with Representative King, suggesting legislation to stop certain waste imports without violating the commerce clause, turning New Hampshire away from being a dumping ground.
HB1138: Representative Janna Support03:06:35.439 - 11:00:56 AM; Representative Janna expresses willingness to work on legislation, acknowledges past attempts, and argues that the interstate commerce clause can be challenged, potentially with consultation from the attorney general and DOJ.
HB1138: Representative Scully Information Only03:06:35.439 - 11:00:56 AM; Representative Scully likes the idea of restricting certain incoming waste but warns of potential blowback, such as what to do with New Hampshire's own waste if other states refuse it.
HB1138: Representative Ryan Information Only03:07:28.880 - 11:01:49 AM; Representative Ryan questions the cost of shipping New Hampshire's waste to another state like Iowa if bans are implemented, highlighting financial concerns.
HB1138: Representative Bixby Information Only03:07:28.880 - 11:01:49 AM; Representative Bixby explains that the commerce clause prohibits differential bans on specific items between states but suggests a stronger argument for aggregate waste rather than categories.
HB1138: Representative Germana Support03:08:30.399 - 11:02:51 AM; Representative Germana moves for Ought to Pass (OTP) on HB 1138, indicating readiness to proceed to a vote after discussion.
HB1138: Committee Vote Vote03:09:40.720 - 11:04:01 AM; The committee votes on the motion for OTP on HB 1138, with 14 yes votes and 1 no (Representative Haskins), passing the motion and allowing it on the consent calendar.
HB1133: Representative Tom Shamberg, Merrimack District 6 (Sutton and Wilmot) Support04:08:38.239 - 12:02:59 PM; Representative Shamberg introduces HB 1133, which adds a definition of livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) to RSA 466, allowing designation at registration and clarifying nuisance and at-large provisions. He explains LGDs' role in protecting livestock through patrolling and barking, distinct from pets, and notes current statutes' inadequacies. He provides examples from Copple House Farm in Lee and Brookford Farm in Canterbury, emphasizing LGDs' necessity for farmers and requests Mr. Maynard to testify next.
HB1133: John Maynard, Sutton Support04:09:51.359 - 12:04:12 PM; John Maynard, a farmer and military veteran from Sutton, authored the bill due to five years of nuisance from his neighbor's mismanaged LGDs causing excessive barking and stress to his animals. He details exhaustion of remedies with police, town, and agriculture departments, advocating for the bill's registry with livestock proof, one-acre-per-dog standard, and 10-minute barking rule without predators to ensure proper management, protect neighbors, and animal welfare while supporting true farmers.
HB1133: John Hutton, Copple House Farm, Lee Oppose04:38:26.639 - 12:32:47 PM; John Hutton of Copple House Farm in Lee opposes the bill as written, supporting registration but criticizing penalties that would violate his operations with nocturnal LGDs barking at real threats like possums, owls, and coyotes. He describes his farm's needs for 24/7 protection against bears and birds over 200 acres with over 200 sheep, emphasizing LGDs' effectiveness and offers to work on amendments for common ground without devastating farming.
HB1133: Kate Osgood, Birch Farm, Samoston Oppose04:47:30.240 - 12:41:51 PM; Kate Osgood of Birch Farm in Samoston opposes the bill's current form, agreeing on the need for farmer and LGD definitions due to misuse by untrained owners influenced by social media. She details her investment in training three Great Pyrenees as farm equipment, notes breed differences in roaming and barking, and suggests alternatives like livestock head ratios over acreage, highlighting boredom in mismanaged dogs leads to issues.
HB1133: Dan Field, Bending Branch Farm, Marlborough Oppose04:55:23.520 - 12:49:44 PM; Dan Field of Bending Branch Farm in Marlborough explains LGDs primarily deter predators through territorial barking rather than confrontation, as seen when confining his LGD led to coyote incursions. He argues the bill's 10-minute barking limit and documentation requirements miss LGDs' purpose, as successful deterrence means no visible predator, and questions enforcement under existing RSA 466:31 for nuisance behavior.
HB1133: Unknown Speaker Oppose04:58:20.080 - 12:52:41 PM; The speaker explains that current New Hampshire laws already exempt livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) from being considered at large or a nuisance when they are working, guarding, or herding livestock. They argue that HB1133 applies these laws restrictively and punitively to LGDs, reducing the barking threshold from 30 minutes to 10 minutes and imposing harsher penalties, such as escalating fines from $150 to $1,000 and potential revocation of rights to use LGDs. This would burden farmers financially and force less humane predator control methods like trapping and shooting, undermining the purpose of LGDs.
HB1133: Representative Miner Information Only05:01:04.160 - 12:55:25 PM; Representative Miner asks the speaker if HB1133 is a solution to a non-existent problem, citing harassment of farmers, and the speaker agrees.
HB1133: Corey Stats, Antrim Oppose05:01:42.400 - 12:56:03 PM; Corey Stats shares personal experiences with a livestock guardian dog protecting sheep from predators like bobcats and bears. He notes that current RSAs already protect working guardian dogs, excluding poultry, and recounts neighbor harassment using whistles and horns to provoke barking, leading to a wrongful citation that required legal defense. He argues the bill would force him to remove his dog, endangering his livestock on thousands of acres of conservation land, and suggests the issue is a knowledge gap among police rather than a legal failure. He supports designating LGDs but believes existing laws suffice.
HB1133: Yakov, Grafton Support05:07:20.798 - 1:01:41 PM; Yakov describes how his livestock guardian dog has eliminated predator issues, particularly with chickens disappearing, and keeps birds of prey away. He mentions historical bounties on predators in New Hampshire that ended in the 1980s, increasing predator populations. He expresses concern about defining farmers with minimum animal requirements, as many start small and expand.
HB1092: Representative Barbara KTO Support05:11:39.040 - 1:06:00 PM; Representative KTO introduces HB1092 to protect guard dogs from being deemed a nuisance when they bite, attack, or threaten on the owner's property, addressing a loophole from last year's dog statute overhaul. She emphasizes that guard dogs should not be prosecuted for protecting livestock or property from intruders or threats.
HB1092: Representative Gruber Information Only05:12:55.600 - 1:07:16 PM; Representative Gruber questions signage requirements for property lines in rural areas to inform visitors of guard dogs, noting the need for indications like no trespassing signs.
HB1092: Representative Barbara KTO Support05:14:03.200 - 1:08:24 PM; In response, Representative KTO explains that in rural areas, property lines are known, guests are aware of guard dogs, and these dogs only react to threats. She opposes mandating widespread signage, as guard dogs are trained protectors that bark but do not attack without reason.
HB1092: John Hudin Support05:15:13.600 - 1:09:34 PM; John Hudin, returning to testify, describes mitigation efforts on his farm with public events like sunflower festivals, where guard dogs are kept away from visitors behind fences. He notes that education prevents issues, as dogs bark authoritatively but remain non-aggressive unless livestock is threatened. He supports the bill to protect responsible dog owners who control the narrative and educate the public.
HB1092: Representative Bixby Information Only05:18:28.480 - 1:12:49 PM; Representative Bixby asks if the bill corrects the issue of guard dogs being nuisances.
HB1092: John Hudin Support05:18:28.480 - 1:12:49 PM; John Hudin affirms the bill makes sense, emphasizing owner responsibility in education and mitigation.
HB1092: Representative Patensa Information Only05:18:28.480 - 1:12:49 PM; Representative Patensa asks about rights if guard dogs in a pack are off-property, harassing or hurting animals on another's property.
HB1092: John Hudin Information Only05:19:38.958 - 1:13:59 PM; John Hudin clarifies that his dogs are always behind electrified fences with sheep, even off-property on leased land, so they are not at large. If dogs break free and harm property, the affected party has the right to use lethal force, though he cautions against it due to potential repercussions.
HB1253: Representative Kwa Support05:22:03.600 - 1:16:24 PM; Representative Kwa introduces HB1253 to allow dogs to guard crops like berries from pests such as turkeys and deer, sharing her experience transitioning from livestock to 3-4 acres of specialty berries. Her Great Pyrenees and Anatolian Shepherd crosses deter coyotes and other threats effectively. She notes dogs need jobs and rotate duties, but acknowledges the bill needs amendments for grammatical issues and to separate crop guarding from livestock in definitions. Fencing large areas like 20 acres is impractical, making LGDs essential for farming.
HB1253: Representative Bixby Information Only05:24:54.160 - 1:19:15 PM; Representative Bixby points out grammatical issues in the bill, such as a comma disrupting parallel structure and the need to add 'guarding crops' in line eight.
HB1253: Representative Kwa Support05:26:08.798 - 1:20:29 PM; Representative Kwa confirms awareness of the comma issue and thanks for the additional amendment suggestion.
HB1253: Unnamed witness (farmer) Support05:26:22.718 - 1:20:43 PM; The witness explains the inherent protective instincts of certain dog breeds for guarding crops, describing how they bond with the property and deter wildlife like turkeys and deer. She shares personal experiences with Great Pyrenees dogs that alert to intruders and protect fields from damage, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness compared to fencing or netting. She highlights the importance for New Hampshire's diverse farming community growing specialty crops like kiwi and blueberries, where dogs prevent significant losses from thriving wildlife populations.
HB1253: John Hutton (sunflower grower) Support05:29:43.440 - 1:24:04 PM; John Hutton discusses challenges with federally protected Canadian geese and turkeys damaging sunflowers, noting that noise makers become ineffective quickly. He describes how his border collie and livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) harass and deter birds effectively without management once trained, preventing crop loss. As the oldest commercial sunflower grower in New Hampshire with 20 acres requiring 100-acre rotation, he stresses that fencing is impossible and dogs are essential to avoid legal issues with depredation permits limited to two per season.
HB1253: Rob Johnson (New Hampshire Farm Bureau Director) Support05:37:26.718 - 1:31:47 PM; Rob Johnson strongly supports HB1253, citing staggering crop damage from wildlife like bears, turkeys, deer, and blackbirds affecting fields of corn, strawberries, alfalfa, and apples. He recounts a farmer's four-to-five-acre strawberry field decimated despite fish and game assistance. He notes challenges with federally protected species and limited depredation permits under RSA 207:2-c, which allow shooting only in the act of damage or delegating to hunters, but guard dogs offer a practical, non-lethal alternative.
HB1488: Representative Keith Ammon (sponsor, New Boston) Support06:10:06.718 - 2:04:27 PM; Representative Ammon introduces HB1488, requested by constituents concerned about elderly pets, as the second such bill before the committee. The bill maintains rabies vaccination requirements but allows veterinarians to grant annual exemptions based on rabies antibody titer testing proving immunity (threshold: 0.5 IU/ml, used internationally for pet travel). He explains the testing protocol (baseline and post-vaccination tests), differentiates it from medical exemptions, and cites science from Dr. Ronald Schultz showing lifelong immunity in most dogs. He addresses overvaccination risks like sarcomas, neurological issues, and breed-specific reactions, noting U.S. rabies vectors are wildlife, not domestic pets, and urges passage to balance public health with pet welfare and owner rights.
HB1488: Kelly Wardell (member of the public) Support06:25:44.638 - 2:20:05 PM; Kelly Wardell, a first-time testifier, explained that serum antibody titers are the best available method to measure immunity, used in vaccine development and to verify post-vaccination immunity. She highlighted variables like age, health, breed, and genetics affecting vaccination efficacy, emphasizing that veterinarians administering rabies shots act as public health officials and should verify immunization. She cited a 1997-2001 study on rabies in vaccinated pets as a warning, argued that allowing titers strengthens public health, criticized the non-peer-reviewed rabies compendium for inflexible schedules, noted New Hampshire's low rabies history with no human cases recently, and discussed underreported adverse events. She advocated for personalized approaches over rigid schedules, stating titers can last years, and stressed the importance of the doctor-patient relationship without forcing unhealthy vaccinations.
HB1488: Sandy Gosselin (member of the public) Support06:29:21.360 - 2:23:42 PM; Sandy Gosselin shared her personal story of her dog Daisy becoming paralyzed 30 minutes after a rabies shot in Florida 10 years ago, leading to two years of care with a wheelchair before euthanasia. She described another rescue dog that became severely ill, possibly vaccine-related. Gosselin argued for pet owners' freedom to choose safer options like titers over mandatory vaccinations, especially for vulnerable animals, aligning with New Hampshire's 'Live Free or Die' ethos. She noted titers are more expensive but would encourage vets to offer them, and hoped New Hampshire could lead in pet choice, preventing tragedies like hers. She confirmed no exemption process existed in Florida, leading to her extensive vet searches.
HB1488: Reita Sesman (Meredith) Support06:33:08.958 - 2:27:29 PM; Reita Sesman, a 13-year dog owner experienced with cancer and heart conditions in her pets, strongly supported HB1488 for recognizing antibody titer testing as a science-based alternative to routine rabies revaccination. She referenced guidelines from the American Animal Hospital Association and World Small Animal Veterinary Association showing immunity lasts 5-7 years or more, with studies confirming no benefit from revaccination if titers are protective. She explained titers as a simple blood test by accredited labs, criticized one-size-fits-all dosing increasing risks for small dogs, and advocated for personalized care to avoid cumulative risks like allergies or autoimmune issues. Sesman noted many NH vets offer titers for other vaccines but are barred for rabies, shared a friend's severe vaccine reaction, and urged passage of HB1488 for exemptions without public health risks. She mentioned labs like VCA and her experience in California.
HB1488: Representative Diane Kelly (Hillsboro District 32, co-sponsor) Support06:37:48.638 - 2:32:09 PM; Representative Diane Kelly, co-sponsor, supported HB1488, clarifying it maintains initial vaccination requirements for dogs, cats, and ferrets over 3 months, with boosters per national standards, but adds a veterinarian-supervised exemption for animals showing strong immune response via titers. She detailed the process: baseline titer pre-vaccination, post-vaccination titer 7-14 days later to set a benchmark, with future titers meeting it for exemption, using certified labs like those in Kentucky and DC. Addressing opposition, she cited the Rabies Challenge Fund study showing long-term protection correlating with titers and immunologic memory. She refuted claims of weakening laws, noting exempted animals are vaccinated with verified immunity, and compared to CDC international standards. Kelly emphasized verified protection over assumed boosters, promoting science-based avoidance of unnecessary revaccinations while ensuring safeguards.
HB1488: Sarah Mullen (New Boston, veterinary technician) Support06:50:31.680 - 2:44:52 PM; Sarah Mullen, with 20 years in veterinary medicine including oncology, clarified that titer testing demonstrates ongoing vaccine efficacy without replacing initial vaccination. She explained HB1488 tests against the dog's own immune response, avoiding debates on universal thresholds like 0.5 IU/mL used by Kansas State University lab. Referencing Dr. Ronald Schultz's research, she noted dogs above 0.5 are protected, with even lower levels sometimes sufficient. Mullen addressed costs ($300-500), genetic non-responders like Rottweilers for parvo, and benefits of fewer later vaccines for robust immunity. She discussed overvaccination causing cancers, autoimmune diseases (e.g., in Cavaliers per Purdue study), and small dog risks from uniform dosing. Responding to questions, she affirmed widespread veterinary awareness of vaccine dangers, shared California practices ignoring strict laws, and noted no rabies outbreaks there, emphasizing ethical dosing and informed consent.
HB1488: David Mullen (New Boston) Support07:03:02.160 - 2:57:23 PM; David Mullen refuted opposition claims that universal vaccination provides absolute protection, calling it a statistical population-level approach rather than individual guarantee. He argued HB1488's individualized titer method provides objective evidence of protection superior to blind revaccination, aligning with the goal of actual immunity over mere vaccination. He emphasized that revaccination offers no assurance for the specific animal, making titers a data-driven alternative without compromising public health.
HB1488: Steve Zanic (Manchester) Support07:04:40.240 - 2:59:01 PM; Steve Zanic noted much was already covered but highlighted people avoiding NH vets for sick dogs due to mandatory rabies shots despite labels warning against vaccinating ill animals, leading to out-of-state trips to evade enforcement. He discussed cultural shifts reducing unattended outdoor dogs, especially small breeds vulnerable to wildlife, and criticized one- and three-year vaccine labels as bureaucratic without incentives for longer testing. Zanic mentioned adjuvant-free vaccines available abroad but not in the US, and suggested improvements like spacing puppy vaccines, confirming first rabies at 3 months amid core series.
HB1488: Dr. Mark Prescott and Dr. Nate Harvey, State Veterinarians, New Hampshire Oppose07:09:36.718 - 3:03:57 PM; Dr. Prescott, the state veterinarian, introduced himself and Dr. Nate Harvey, emphasizing his expertise from past vaccine research on rinderpest eradication and experience in countries with high rabies mortality, primarily among children, noting rabies is 100% fatal once acquired, unlike COVID, and deadly to pets. He discussed the Rabies Challenge Fund study from 2020, which found no protective antibody threshold for vaccinated dogs and recommended against using titers to skip vaccinations, stressing that current 1-year and 3-year vaccines are proven effective through challenge studies by manufacturers. He expressed surprise at veterinarians potentially breaking the law by administering vaccines improperly. Dr. Harvey added that the department receives frequent public calls about potential rabies exposures from wildlife like bats, raccoons, skunks, and feral cats, underscoring the need for vaccination history. He noted vaccines are safe, with no adverse reaction worse than rabies itself, and that rabies laws protect public health, not just animals. He clarified that the 0.5 titer level is extrapolated from humans, not USDA-validated for animals, and international travel requires recent vaccination alongside titers, not titers alone after years. The department opposes the bill but supports future research on titers, emphasizing laws protect humans and that 7-14 days for titers is insufficient; 14-30 days is standard. During Q&A, they discussed potential amendments like initial 1-year and 3-year shots followed by titers, which could boost immunity but lacks data; international trade uses titers to verify vaccination, not protection; immune responses in mammals are similar; primary vectors in high-mortality countries are feral dogs; challenge studies involve exposing vaccinated animals to the disease; no child rabies deaths in NH in 20 years due to vaccination; exemptions exist for medical conditions like immune-mediated diseases; they process 2-3 exemption requests weekly; rabies vaccine is given to high-risk humans with shortages; a Pennsylvania case involved a vaccinated dog contracting rabies without reported titers; Rabies Challenge Fund dogs with titers below 0.5 succumbed; ethical concerns with challenge studies; science disproves theories rather than proves them; wildlife vaccination via oral baits occurs in northern NH funded by USDA and state; smaller breeds may have genetic predispositions to reactions needing more research; one-size-fits-all vaccination isn't ideal; AVMA funding from pharma doesn't negate benefits seen in low US rabies cases versus global; pet vaccination correlates with low human deaths but needs country-specific data.

Aron, Judy(Chairman)(R)[A-]2025	King, Seth(Clerk)(R)[B+]2025	Barbour, Liz(V Chairman)(R)[B+]2025
Gruber, James(D)[F]2025	Bixby, Peter(D)[F]2025	Sofikitis, Catherine(D)[D-]2025
Freeman, Lisa(R)[B+]2025	Comtois, Barbara(R)[B+]2025	Scully, Kevin(R)[A-]2025
Howard, Molly(D)[D]2025	Wheeler, Jonah(D)[D-]2025	Haskins, Linda(D)[F]2025
Potenza, Kelley(R)[A]2025	Kenny, Catherine(R)[B]2025	Germana, Nicholas(D)[F]2025
Miner, Laurence(R)[B]2025